Isicelo:
Izixhobo zokuqala zokuqhumisa amachaphaza emhlabeni zazalwa kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukususa ukungcola kunye nolusu lwe-oxide kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi okanye ezingezizo ezesinyithi kunye nokwandisa uburhabaxa. Emva kweminyaka elikhulu yophuhliso, ubuchwepheshe bokuqhumisa amachaphaza kunye nezixhobo sele zivuthiwe, kwaye umda wokusetyenziswa kwazo uye wanda kancinci kancinci ukusuka kushishino olunzima lokuqala ukuya kushishino olulula.
Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okudubula ngemipu, kulula ukubangela ukuncipha kokuthamba komphezulu okanye ezinye iingxaki kwezinye iimveliso ezifuna kuphela isiphumo esincinci sonyango. Umzekelo, iibrake pads zebhayisekile kufuneka zicocwe emva kokusila, kwaye umatshini wokudubula ngemipu unokubangela umonakalo kumphezulu wezinto ezingqubanayo. Ke ngoko, umatshini wokudubula isanti uye waba lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo zokucoca umphezulu.
Umgaqo oyintloko wezixhobo zokuqhumisa isanti kukusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukutshiza isanti okanye i-shot encinci yentsimbi enobukhulu obuthile besuntswana kumphezulu onomhlwa we-workpiece nge-sand blasting gun, engapheleli nje ekususeni umhlwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ikwalungiselela umphezulu wokupeyinta, ukutshiza, ukuplayita nge-electroplating kunye nezinye iinkqubo.