Kugira ngo hakorwe feri nziza cyane, hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: igice cy'inyuma n'ibikoresho fatizo. Kubera ko ibikoresho fatizo (friction block) ari byo bikoreshwa na disiki ya feri, ubwoko bwabyo n'ubwiza bwabyo bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere ya feri. Mu by'ukuri, hari ubwoko amagana bw'ibikoresho fatizo ku isoko, kandi ntidushobora kumenya ubwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo dukurikije uko feri igaragara. None se twahitamo dute ibikoresho fatizo bikwiye gukorwa? Reka tubanze tumenye uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bishyirwa mu byiciro:
Ipaki y'ibikoresho fatizo
Ibikoresho fatizo bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bune:
1. Ubwoko bwa asbestos:Ibikoresho fatizo byakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku mabati ya feri byagize uruhare mu kongera imbaraga. Bitewe n'igiciro cyabyo kiri hasi no kudakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikoreshwa cyane. Ariko, ibikoresho bya asbestos byagaragaye ko ari kanseri n'umuryango w'abaganga none ubu birabujijwe mu bihugu byinshi. Amasoko menshi ntiyemera kugurisha amabati ya feri arimo asbestos, bityo ni byiza kubyirinda mugihe ugura ibikoresho fatizo.
2. Ubwoko bw'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa semi-metallic:Ukurikije uko igaragara, ifite imigozi n'uduce duto, bishobora gutandukanywa byoroshye n'ubwoko bwa asbestos na NAO. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya feri, ikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho by'icyuma kugira ngo yongere imbaraga za feri. Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe nabyo ni byiza kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe. Ariko, bitewe n'uko icyuma kirimo feri nyinshi, cyane cyane mu duce duto, ishobora gutera kwangirika no gukurura urusaku hagati ya disiki ya feri na feri bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa feri.
3. Ubwoko bw'icyuma gito:Ukurikije uko bigaragara, udupira duto tw’icyuma duto dusa n’udupira duto tw’icyuma, dufite imigozi mito n’uduce duto. Itandukaniro ni uko ubwo bwoko bufite icyuma gito ugereranyije n’icyuma gito, ibyo bigakemura ikibazo cyo kwangirika kwa disiki ya feri kandi bikagabanya urusaku. Ariko, igihe cyo kumara udupira duto duto ni gito ugereranyije n’igihe dumara duto.
4. Ubwoko bwa seramike:Udupira two gufunga feri muri iyi formula dukoresha ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bya ceramic bifite ubucucike buke, ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bidashobora kwangirika, bifite ibyiza byo kutagira urusaku, nta mukungugu ugwa, nta kwangirika kw'aho uruziga ruhagarara, igihe kirekire cyo gukora, no kurengera ibidukikije. Muri iki gihe, biragaragara cyane mu masoko ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, i Burayi, n'Ubuyapani. Ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe ryabyo ni ryiza kuruta iry'udupira two gufunga feri tw'icyuma, kandi ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko byongera igihe cyo gukora feri kandi ntikirangwamo umwanda. Ubu bwoko bwa feri bufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko mu myaka ya vuba aha, ariko igiciro cyabwo cyaba kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibindi bikoresho.
Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho fatizo?
Buri bwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo bufite ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye, nka resin, ifu yo gukururana, fibre y'icyuma, fibre ya aramide, vermiculite n'ibindi. Ibi bikoresho bizavangwa mu buryo buhamye kandi bibone ibikoresho fatizo bya nyuma dukeneye. Twamaze gushyira ahagaragara ibikoresho bine bitandukanye mu nyandiko ibanza, ariko ni ibihe bikoresho fatizo abakora bagomba guhitamo mu gukora? Mu by'ukuri, abakora ibikoresho bagomba gusobanukirwa neza isoko bashaka kugurisha mbere yo gukora byinshi. Tugomba kumenya feri za feri zizwi cyane ku isoko ryo mu gace, imiterere y'umuhanda wo mu gace, ndetse niba zibanda cyane ku kibazo cyo kwirinda ubushyuhe cyangwa urusaku. Ibi bintu byose bigomba kuzirikanwa.
Igice cy'ibikoresho fatizo
Ku bakinnyi bakuze, bahora bakora formula nshya, bongeramo ibikoresho bishya bigezweho mu formula cyangwa bagahindura ingano ya buri gikoresho kugira ngo feri zikore neza. Muri iki gihe, isoko rigaragaramo ibikoresho bya karuboni-ceramic bifite imikorere myiza kuruta ubwoko bwa ceramic. Abakora bagomba guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo hakurikijwe ibyo bakeneye nyabyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-12-2023